The Shishan Volcanic Cluster National Geopark

Formation and Geological Features

The Shishan Volcanic Cluster was formed during the Quaternary period, a geological epoch that began approximately 2.6 million years ago and continues to the present day. The volcanic activity that shaped this region was primarily driven by basaltic eruptions, characterized by the extrusion of fluid, low-viscosity lava. Over time, numerous volcanic eruptions created a diverse landscape of volcanic cones, craters, lava flows, and other related features.  

One of the most striking features of the geopark is its collection of volcanic cones. These conical structures are formed when lava erupts from a central vent, building up layers of solidified material. The geopark boasts a variety of cone types, including scoria cones, tuff cones, and maar volcanoes. Scoria cones are characterized by their steep slopes and loose, porous material, while tuff cones are composed of volcanic ash and other pyroclastic deposits. Maar volcanoes are formed by explosive eruptions that create large, circular craters.  

In addition to volcanic cones, the geopark also features a network of lava tubes. These subterranean channels were formed when the surface of a lava flow cooled and solidified while the interior remained molten, allowing the lava to continue flowing beneath. Lava tubes can be found in various sizes and lengths, and they often provide a unique and fascinating underground experience for visitors.

The volcanic landscape of the Shishan Volcanic Cluster has also created a variety of other geological features, including lava flows, lava plateaus, and volcanic breccia. These formations provide valuable insights into the dynamics of volcanic eruptions and the geological processes that have shaped the region.