Goryōkaku
Hakodate
A Western-Style Fortress
Goryōkaku was constructed from 1857 to 1864 by the Tokugawa shogunate as a defensive stronghold against potential foreign threats. Inspired by European fortifications, particularly the works of French military engineer Sébastien Vauban, the fort was designed to withstand modern artillery and protect the city of Hakodate. The star-shaped design, with its five bastions and deep moat, was a pioneering innovation in Japanese military architecture.
In 1867, the Meiji Restoration led to the overthrow of the Tokugawa shogunate. The remnants of the shogunate forces retreated to Hakodate and established the Republic of Ezo, a short-lived independent state. Goryōkaku served as the capital of this republic.
However, the Meiji government's forces eventually encircled the fortress, leading to the Battle of Hakodate. The final battle of the Boshin War took place here from June 20 to June 27, 1869. Despite a valiant defense by the Republic of Ezo forces, they were ultimately defeated, and Goryōkaku fell.
A Symbol of Modernization and History
After the war, the fort was abandoned for a time. However, in the early 20th century, it was transformed into a public park. Today, Goryōkaku Park is a popular destination for visitors, offering a peaceful and scenic environment. The fort's star-shaped design is particularly striking when viewed from above, and the surrounding park is filled with cherry trees that create a stunning display of blossoms in spring.
One of the most popular attractions within the park is Goryōkaku Tower. This observation tower offers panoramic views of the fort, the city of Hakodate, and the surrounding landscape. From the top of the tower, visitors can fully appreciate the unique design of the fortress and its historical significance.
In addition to the tower, the park also features a museum that exhibits artifacts related to the history of Goryōkaku and the Boshin War. Visitors can learn about the construction of the fort, the events of the war, and the lives of the people who were involved in these historical events.
Goryōkaku Today
Today, Fort Goryōkaku is a symbol of Japan's modernization and its turbulent past. It serves as a reminder of the country's efforts to adapt to the changing world and the sacrifices made by those who fought in the Boshin War. The fort's unique design and historical significance make it a must-see destination for visitors to Hokkaido. Whether you are interested in history, architecture, or simply looking for a beautiful place to relax, Goryōkaku offers something for everyone.