Berkeley Castle
Berkeley
The history of Berkeley Castle begins in the early 12th century when Robert Fitzharding, a wealthy Norman nobleman, established a motte and bailey fortress on the site. The original wooden structure was later replaced by a more substantial stone castle, which over time underwent various additions and renovations. The castle's strategic location, overlooking the River Severn, made it an important outpost for controlling the western approaches to England.
One of the most infamous events associated with Berkeley Castle was the imprisonment and murder of King Edward II in 1327. The king had been deposed by his wife, Queen Isabella, and her lover, Roger Mortimer, Earl of March. Edward was brought to Berkeley Castle and held captive in a dungeon. According to historical accounts, he was subjected to a gruesome ordeal, including being forced to eat hot coals and having a red-hot poker inserted into his anus. The exact details of his death remain shrouded in mystery, but it is generally believed that he was eventually suffocated with a hot iron.
The castle's role in English history continued into the 14th century when it was held by the powerful Berkeley family. The Berkeleys were loyal supporters of the Crown and played a significant part in the Wars of the Roses. During this period, the castle was besieged and captured several times by rival factions.
Berkeley Castle’s strategic location made it a valuable asset during the Civil War. Situated on the River Severn, it controlled a key waterway and was easily defensible with its strong fortifications. The castle was owned by the Berkeley family, who were staunch supporters of the King. Under the leadership of Lord John Berkeley, the castle became a rallying point for Royalist forces in the West of England.
The outbreak of the Civil War in 1642 saw Berkeley Castle quickly transformed into a military garrison. Lord Berkeley mobilized his troops and fortified the castle to withstand a siege. The castle’s strategic importance meant that it was frequently targeted by Parliamentarian forces, who sought to control the Severn and cut off Royalist supply lines. Despite several attempts, the Parliamentarians were unable to capture Berkeley Castle.
The castle’s role as a Royalist stronghold extended beyond its military significance. It served as a refuge for King Charles I and his family on several occasions. In 1645, after the defeat of the Royalist army at Naseby, Charles I sought shelter at Berkeley Castle. During his stay, he was able to rally his supporters and plan his next moves. However, the King’s presence at the castle made it a prime target for Parliamentarian forces.
In 1646, the castle was finally captured by Parliamentarian troops. Lord Berkeley was forced to surrender, and the castle was garrisoned by Parliamentarian forces. The fall of Berkeley Castle marked a significant turning point in the Civil War, as it deprived the Royalists of a key stronghold in the West. Despite the defeat, the castle remained a symbol of Royalist resistance and a reminder of the family’s loyalty to the King.
Berkeley Castle and the English Civil War: A Fortress in Flux
A Tapestry of the East: The China Collection at Berkeley Castle
After the Civil War, Berkeley Castle was restored and remained in the possession of the Berkeley family. In the 19th century, the castle underwent extensive renovations, resulting in the Victorian Gothic appearance it retains today.
Exploring the Castle and Gardens
A visit to Berkeley Castle is an opportunity to explore its magnificent architecture and meticulously maintained gardens. The castle's interior features a stunning collection of period furnishings, tapestries, and artwork, providing a glimpse into the lives of the Berkeley family over the centuries. Visitors can wander through the state rooms, including the Great Hall, the Long Gallery, and the Drawing Room, each with its own unique character and history.
The castle's extensive gardens are a highlight for nature lovers and those seeking a tranquil escape. The formal gardens are meticulously landscaped, featuring manicured lawns, flower beds, and a peaceful courtyard. Visitors can also explore the castle's walled gardens, which offer a more intimate and secluded setting.
Events and Activities
Berkeley Castle hosts a variety of events throughout the year, including historical reenactments, falconry displays, and seasonal festivals. These events provide visitors with the opportunity to experience the castle's history in a dynamic and engaging way.
In addition to its historical significance, Berkeley Castle also serves as a popular location for filming. Its atmospheric setting and authentic period interiors have made it a sought-after backdrop for television series and movies. Fans of historical dramas may recognize the castle from popular shows such as "Wolf Hall" and "The White Princess."